Search results for " symbiosis"
showing 10 items of 50 documents
Migrating ship waste management from India to Finland : analysis of opportunities and risks in an industrial symbiosis of sustainable ship recycling
2015
Environmental protection and social wellbeing are significant segments of economic development. Market demand, legal directives, competitor existence and NGO interest together influence to manufacture in a cleaner and safer way and to abandon the traditional, often lethal working processes. Ship breaking is one of the most perilous industries where powerful states subordinate those countries where regulations can be bypassed for profit maximization. The unfavorable dependence arises from economic and technological arrears, and it results in environmental pollution, human rights violation and non-conformity with environmental, health and safety regulations. To improve environmental, health a…
Arbuscular mycorrhiza - studies on the geosiphon symbiosis lead to the characterization of the first glomeromycotan sugar transporter
2007
Article Addendum ; International audience; The intimate arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) association between roots and obligate symbiotic Glomeromycota (‘AM fungi’) ‘feeds’ about 80% of land plants. AM forming fungi supply land plants with inorganic nutrients and have an enormous impact on terrestrial ecosystems. In return, AM fungi obtain up to 20% of the plant‑fixed CO2, putatively as monosaccharides. In a recent work we have reported the characterization of the first glomeromycotan monosaccharide transporter, GpMST1, and its gene sequence. We discuss that AM fungi might take up sugars deriving from plant cell‑wall material. The GpMST1 sequence delivers valuable data for the isolation of orthol…
Construction and validation of cDNA-based Mt6k-RIT macro- and microarrays to explore root endosymbioses in the model legume Medicago truncatula
2004
To construct macro- and microarray tools suitable for expression profiling in root endosymbioses of the model legume Medicago truncatula, we PCR-amplified a total of 6048 cDNA probes representing genes expressed in uninfected roots, mycorrhizal roots and young root nodules [Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (2002) 5579]. Including additional probes for either tissue-specific or constitutively expressed control genes, 5651 successfully amplified gene-specific probes were used to grid macro- and to spot microarrays designated Mt6k-RIT (M. truncatula 6k root interaction transcriptome). Subsequent to a technical validation of microarray printing, we performed two pilot expression profiling experiments usin…
Strategie ecosistemiche e infrastrutture verdi in simbiosi con il costruito
2022
Il numero 11 di AGATHÓN raccoglie saggi, studi, ricerche e progetti sul tema Vegetazione | La sua Simbiosi con il Costruito richiamando il ruolo che la Natura in generale e la Vegetazione in particolare possono svolgere nel breve periodo per affrontare l’attuale sfida del surriscaldamento globale e dei cambiamenti climatici causati da deforestazioni e incendi boschivi, urbanizzazioni selvagge, uso indiscriminato di materie prime non rinnovabili e incremento delle emissioni di anidride carbonica, tutti fattori che determinano un impatto devastante sul nostro ormai fragile ecosistema, sulla società e sull’economia. Se Simon aveva intuito già nel 1969 il potenziale di una ‘nuova ecologia’ in c…
Genetic Variability of Hepatitis C Virus before and after Combined Therapy of Interferon plus Ribavirin
2008
We present an analysis of the selective forces acting on two hepatitis C virus genome regions previously postulated to be involved in the viral response to combined antiviral therapy. One includes the three hypervariable regions in the envelope E2 glycoprotein, and the other encompasses the PKR binding domain and the V3 domain in the NS5A region. We used a cohort of 22 non-responder patients to combined therapy (interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin) for which samples were obtained before initiation of therapy and after 6 or/and 12 months of treatment. A range of 25-100 clones per patient, genome region and time sample were sequenced. These were used to detect general patterns of adaptation, t…
Evidence for a symbiosis between bacteria of the genus Rhodobacter and the marine sponge Halichondria panicea : harbor also for putatively toxic bac…
1998
Halichondria panicea (Pallas) is a marine sponge, abundantly occurring in the Adriatic sea, North sea and Baltic sea. It was the aim of the present study to investigate if this sponge species harbors bacteria. Cross sections through H. panicea were taken and inspected by electron microscopy. The micrographs showed that this sponge species is colonized by bacteria in its mesohyl compartment. To identify the bacteria, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene segment, typical for bacteria, was performed. DNA was isolated from sponge material that had been collected near Rovinj (Adriatic Sea), Helgoland (North Sea), and Kiel (Baltic Sea) and was amplified with bacterial pri…
Proteome adaptations under contrasting soil phosphate regimes of Rhizophagus irregularis engaged in a common mycorrhizal network.
2021
International audience; For many plants, their symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi plays a key role in the acquisition of mineral nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi), in exchange for assimilated carbon. To study gene regulation and function in the symbiotic partners, we and others have used compartmented microcosms in which the extra-radical mycelium (ERM), responsible for mineral nutrient supply for the plants, was separated by fine nylon nets from the associated host roots and could be harvested and analysed in isolation. Here, we used such a model system to perform a quantitative comparative protein profiling of the ERM of Rhizophagus irregularis BEG75, forming a common my…
Formally described species woefully underrepresent phylogenetic diversity in the common lichen photobiont genus Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae, Chloroph…
2020
Lichens provide valuable systems for studying symbiotic interactions. In lichens, these interactions are frequently described in terms of availability, selectivity and specificity of the mycobionts and photobionts towards one another. The lichen-forming, green algal genus Trebouxia Puymaly is among the most widespread photobiont, associating with a broad range of lichen-forming fungi. To date, 29 species have been described, but studies consistently indicate that the vast majority of species-level lineages still lack formal description, and new, previously unrecognized lineages are frequently reported. To reappraise the diversity and the evolutionary relationships of species-level lineages …
Industrial Symbiosis: A Mechanism to Guarantee the Implementation of Circular Economy Practices
2022
There is a growing concern regarding the scarcity of natural resources. The levels of resource exploitation generated by the current system of production and consumption has led the European Commission to develop a set of guidelines that aim to reduce the pressure on natural resources. The set of guidelines proposed by the European Union is based on the transformation of the current linear economic system into a circular system in which resources and materials remain in the production system for longer. However, for this change to take effect, practical measures are required. This paper presents an industrial symbiosis approach as a practical application of a circular economy model. The aim…
Could subcellular proteomics of root plastids teach us more about mycorrhizal symbiosis?
2007
International audience; The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic association between soil-borne fungi and the roots of most plant species. Involving the bilateral exchange of nutrients, the symbiosis is connected to drastic changes in plant cell organelle morphology and physiology. Root plastids, in particular, are forming extensive, network-like structures covering the main symbiotic interface, i.e., intracellular, highly branched haustorium-like fungal structures called arbuscules. These plastid networks are highly dynamic and are formed and degraded concomitantly with the formation and degradation of arbuscules. By producing basic metabolic building blocks like fatty ac…